合法来源抗辩成立就不承担赔偿责任了吗?
If the legitimate source defense succeeds, does that mean no compensation needs to be paid at all?
作者:王培培
Author:Peipei Wang
关键词:商标侵权;合法来源抗辩;免责范围
Keywords:Trademark Infringement;defense of Legitimate Source;scope of Exemption from Liability
声明
本文系为普法目的而创作,文中故事改编自真实案例,当事人名称以化名处理,如有雷同,纯属巧合,请勿对号入座。
This article is compiled for legal popularization purposes only. The stories herein are adapted from real cases; all parties involved have been given pseudonyms. Any resemblance to actual persons or events is purely coincidental, and readers are requested not to engage in personal association.
一、案情简介
I. Background
贝贝开了一家小卖部,专门卖化妆品、护肤品。有一天,贝贝正在刷手机,看到网上好多主播都直播销售一款国外的w品牌芦荟胶,销售量很好。于是贝贝就打算也买来一些在店里卖试试。
贝贝就和小松公司签订了《产品分销合同》,从小松公司以10元一盒的价格购买了360盒w品牌的芦荟胶。贝贝也有点品牌常识,害怕小松公司提供的产品是假冒的,于是在签合同之前,贝贝让小松公司提供一些产品来源正当的相关材料。小松公司就提供了自己公司的营业执照、海关进口货物报关单、入境货物检验检疫证明、检验报告、进口关税专用缴款书、发票等材料,证明自己的产品是正规渠道进口,来源正当。合同签订后,小松公司就发货,并给贝贝一份出库单,贝贝在上面签字确认。
贝贝就在自己的店里开始销售w品牌的芦荟胶,卖了两个月就卖了8盒,钱没赚回本,却收到了法院的传票。法院给的材料显示,贝贝的店里销售的w品牌芦荟胶未经原告也就是w品牌的权利人授权,擅自销售w品牌芦荟胶,侵犯原告的商标权,要求贝贝赔偿原告3万元的经济损失和1万元的合理维权费用。
贝贝傻了眼了,觉得自己明明长了一个心眼在签合同时特意让小松公司提供了产品来源正当的说明和材料,怎么还侵权呢?于是找到律师叶子咨询并委托其代理应诉。经过分析,叶子在诉讼中提出了合法来源抗辩,但在一审二审阶段均未得到法院支持,但是贝贝还是不服就申请了再审。再审改判了,认定贝贝的合法来源抗辩成立,贝贝不用承担原告损失的责任,但是应承担合理维权费用。
Beibei ran a small grocery store specializing in cosmetics and skin care products. One day while scrolling through her phone, she saw numerous live streamers online selling an imported aloe vera gel under Brand W with impressive sales volumes. She then decided to purchase batches of the product for trial sales in her store.
Beibei signed a Product Distribution Contract withXiaosong Company, purchasing 360 boxes of Brand W aloe vera gel at a unit price of RMB 10 per box. Having basic awareness of trademark risks, she worried the goods supplied byXiaosong Company might be counterfeit. Prior to executing the contract, she requestedXiaosong Company to furnish documents proving the legitimate origin of the products.Xiaosong Company provided its business license, customs import declaration form, entry goods inspection and quarantine certificate, test report, special payment receipt for import duties, invoices and other paperwork to verify that the goods were imported through formal and legitimate channels. After the contract was executed,Xiaosong Company delivered the goods and issued a warehouse delivery order, which Beibei signed for acknowledgment.
Beibei began selling the Brand W aloe vera gel in her shop. Over two months, she only sold eight boxes and failed to recoup her costs, before receiving a court summons. The attached judicial documents alleged that the Brand W aloe vera gel sold in Beibei’s store was marketed without authorization from the plaintiff, the legitimate trademark proprietor of Brand W. Such unauthorized sales constituted trademark infringement, and the plaintiff claimed compensation of RMB 30,000 for economic losses plus RMB 10,000 as reasonable rights-protection expenses.
Beibei was utterly baffled. She had taken precautions by demanding documents and certifications proving legitimate product sources before signing the contract, yet she was still accused of infringement. She thereafter consulted lawyer Ye Zi and authorized her to represent her in responding to the lawsuit. After case analysis, Lawyer Ye Zi raised the legitimate source defense during litigation, yet such defense was rejected by the court at both the first instance and second instance proceedings. Dissatisfied with the judgments, Beibei filed an application for retrial. The retrial judgment reversed the prior rulings, holding that Beibei’s legitimate source defense was established. Accordingly, Beibei was exempted from liability for compensating the plaintiff’s economic losses, but remained obligated to bear the reasonable rights-protection expenses.
二、法律分析
II. Legal Analysis
合法来源抗辩的成立,并不会改变被诉行为的侵权性质。维权支出是权利人为制止侵权行为而产生的费用,系独立于因侵权所遭受的经济损失之外的维权成本,其法律属性与侵权损害赔偿不同。因此合法来源抗辩成立,免除被诉侵权的销售者、使用者的损害赔偿责任时,但原则上仍应对权利人为获得停止侵权救济的合理开支承担赔偿责任。
The establishment of the legitimate source defense does not the infringing nature of the impugned conduct. Rights protection expenses refer to the costs incurred by the right holder to cease the infringing acts, which constitute separate rights safeguarding costs independent of the economic losses sustained as a result of the infringement, and carry a distinct legal nature from infringement damages. Accordingly, the legitimate source defense is upheld to exempt the alleged infringing sellers and users from liability for damages, such parties shall, as a general rule, still be liable to compensate the right holder for reasonable expenses incurred in obtaining injunctive relief to stop the infringement.
三、启示
Ⅲ. Implications
对于原告来说,需举证证明合理维权开支,在诉讼请求中或可单独主张;对于被告来说,合法来源抗辩成立并不意味着就不用承担一分钱,关键仍要注意审核品牌来源。
For the plaintiff, it is required to adduce evidence to prove reasonable rights-protection expenses, which may be claimed separately in the litigation claims. For the defendant, the establishment of the legitimate source defense does not mean exemption from all monetary liabilities; the crux remains strict verification of the source of the branded goods.
四、相关规定
IV. Relevant Provisions(Translation for Reference Only)
《中华人民共和国商标法》第六十四条第二款 销售不知道是侵犯注册商标专用权的商品,能证明该商品是自己合法取得并说明提供者的,不承担赔偿责任。
Trademark Law of the People's Republic of China (Revised in 2019) Paragraph 2 of Article 64
a seller selling goods who is ignorant of infringing others' registered trademark can prove the legality of acquiring such goods and point out the provider, such seller shall be exempted from liabilities for compensations.
吴烨律师